Practical ecological knowledge for the temperate reader.

Anethum graveolens - Common Dill

Family: Apiaceae ^[E-flora]

"Anethum graveolens is a ANNUAL growing to 0.8 m (2ft 7in) by 0.2 m (0ft 8in) at a medium rate.
It is hardy to zone (UK) 8. It is in leaf 11-May It is in flower from Apr to July, and the seeds ripen from Jul to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees.The plant is self-fertile.
It is noted for attracting wildlife.
Suitable for: light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist soil." ^[PFAF]

General: "Annual herb from a taproot; stems erect, glabrous, 0.3-1 (1.5) m tall." ^{[IFBC-E-flora]}
Leaves: "Stem leaves compound, dissected into linear segments, 4-8 cm long; without well-defined leaflets; aromatic." ^{[IFBC-E-flora]}
Flowers: "Inflorescence terminal, flat-topped, of umbrella-like clusters; flowers yellow." ^{[IFBC-E-flora]}
Fruits: "Numerous, 4 mm long, elliptic, strongly flattened crosswise with winged lateral ribs." ^{[IFBC-E-flora]}

Status: Exotic ^[E-flora]

Habitat / Range "Mesic to dry fields, roadsides and waste places in the lowland zone; rare in SW BC, known from SE Vancouver Island and the lower Fraser Valley; introduced from Asia." ^{[IFBC-E-flora]}
"Fields, waste places etc in the Mediterranean[100]. W. Asia. Naturalized in Europe in the Mediterranean[100]." ^[PFAF]

Hazards

"Dill is said to contain the alleged 'psychotroph' myristicine[218]. There are also reports that dill can cause photosensitivity and or dermatitis in some people[218]. Avoid dill oil during pregnancy." ^[PFAF] “Hazards and/or side effects not known for proper therapeutic dosages” (PH2). Contact photodermatosis possible as in most umbellifers. Fresh juice may possibly cause photodermatosis (PHR). We might extend to all apiaceous oils Bisset’s comments on celery seed oil, “The drug is contraindicated in inflammation of the kidneys,” since apiaceous EOs may increase the inflammation as a result of epithelial irritation (BIS). TRAMIL conservatively cautions for dill and fennel; contraindicated in women of reproductive age; limit dosage to 3 days (TRA)." ^{[HMH Duke]} "Photodermatosis is possible after contact with the juice of the freshly harvested plant." ^[PDR]

Edible Uses

Seed
- "Raw or cooked. Very pungent and bitter in taste[4]. It is used as a flavouring in salads, preserves etc[2, 7, 9, 21, 46, 183], its chief uses being perhaps in making dill vinegar and as a flavouring in pickled gherkins[4]. It can also be sprouted and used in breads, soups and salad dressings[183]. An essential oil from the seed is used as a flavouring in the food industry[46, 105]. A tea is made from the leaves and/or the seeds[183]." ^[PFAF]
Leaves
- "Raw or cooked[2, 4, 9, 14, 21]. Used as a flavouring in salads etc[132, 183]. The leaves lose their flavour if the are cooked for any length of time and so are best used raw or added to cooked dishes only a few minutes before the cooking is complete[244]. The leaves can be harvested at any time the plant is growing, but are best just before the plant flowers[244]." ^[PFAF]

Other Uses

Essential Oil
- "The seed contains up to 4% essential oils[244]. It is used in perfuming soaps[4], medicines and as a food flavouring[244]." ^[PFAF]
Misc
- "Some compounds of dill (d-carvone is mentioned as one of them), when added to insecticides, have greatly increased the effectiveness of the insecticides[218]." ^[PFAF]

Medicinal Uses

"The medicinal part is the seed, the fresh or dried leaves and the upper stem." ^[PDR]

Seed
- "Dill has a very long history of herbal use going back more than 2,000 years. The seeds are a common and very effective household remedy for a wide range of digestive problems. An infusion is especially efficacious in treating gripe in babies and flatulence in young children. The seed is aromatic, carminative, mildly diuretic, galactogogue, stimulant and stomachic[4, 21, 46, 165]. It is also used in the form of an extracted essential oil[243]. Used either in an infusion, or by eating the seed whole, the essential oil in the seed relieves intestinal spasms and griping, helping to settle colic[254]. Chewing the seed improves bad breath[254]. Dill is also a useful addition to cough, cold and flu remedies, it can be used with antispasmodics such as Viburnum opulus to relieve period pains[254]. Dill will also help to increase the flow of milk in nursing mothers and will then be taken by the baby in the milk to help prevent colic[254]." ^[PFAF]
- "Indian Medicine: Dill is used for halitosis, worm infestation, complaints of the repiratory tract and syphilis." ^[PDR]
- "The fruit of the Dill plant has an antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, and a bacteriostatic effect." ^[PDR]
Herb
- "Dill herb consists of the fresh or dried leaf and upper stem of Anethum graveolens. Dill seed consists of the dried fruit of Anethum graveolens." ^[PDR]
- "Unproven Uses: Dill herb is used for prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and urinary tract, for sleep disorders and for spasms." ^[PDR]

Select Indications (Dill) — Anorexia (2; APA; PHR); Aposteme (f; CRC; JLH); Bacteria (2; APA; KOM; PH2; TRA; ZUL); Cancer (1; CRC; JLH; TRA); Cancer, abdomen (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, anus (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, breast (f; JLH); Cancer, colon (fCRC; JLH); Cancer, liver (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, mouth (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, stomach (f; CRC; JLH); Cancer, throat (f; CRC; JLH); Colic (1; CRC; PNC; ZUL); Cough (2; APA; CRC; PHR); Cramp (2; APA; KOM; PHR; PH2; TRA); Dyspepsia (2; APA; CRC; KOM); Enterosis (2; APA; PHR; PH2); Gas (1; JFM; PNC; TRA; ZUL); Gastrosis (1; APA; PHR; PH2; TRA); Halitosis (1; APA; PH2); Hemorrhoid (1; APA; CRC); High Blood Pressure (1; APA; FNF; TRA); Induration (f; CRC; JLH); Infection (2; APA; PHR; TRA); Insomnia (2; APA; CRC; PHR; PH2; TRA); Mastosis (f; CRC; JLH); Nephrosis (f; APA; PH2); Stomachache (f; APA; CRC; JFM); Tumor (1; CRC; TRA); Urethrosis (1; APA; PH2); UTI (f; APA; PHR); Water Retention (1; APA; CRC; JFM); ^{[HMH Duke]}

"Dosages (Dill) — Chew 1/2–1 tsp seed (APA); 2 tsp crushed seed/cup water (APA); 3 g seed (KOM; PHR); 0.3–1 ml concentrated dill water (PNC); 0.1–0.3 g EO (KOM; PHR); 0.05–2 ml (I’d have said 0.05–0.2) EO (PNC); cf celery seed, close kin (PNC)" ^{[HMH Duke]} "Mode of Administration: Whole seeds and crushed fruits are used to make teas and other galenic preparations for internal application." ^[PDR] "Daily Dosage: The average daily dosage of the seeds is 3 gm; essential oil daily dose is 0.1 to 0.3 gm." ^[PDR]

Phytochemicals

Chemicals in: Anethum graveolens L. (Apiaceae) -- Dill, Garden Dill [DukePhyt]

1,4-TERPINENOL Plant: DUKE1992A
1,5-CINEOLE Plant: DUKE1992A
1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPENYL-BENZENE Fruit: DUKE1992A
2-NONANOL Plant: DUKE1992A
3,6-DIMETHYL-2,3,4,5,8,9-HEXAHYDROBENZOFURAN Plant: DUKE1992A
3,6-DIMETHYL-3A,4,5,7A-TETRAHYDROCOUMARAN Fruit: DUKE1992A
3,6-DIMETHYLCOUMARAN Plant: DUKE1992A
3,7-DIMETHYL-4,5,6,9-TETRAHYDROCOUMARAN Fruit: DUKE1992A
4-ALPHA-DIMETHYLSTYRENE Root: DUKE1992A
6,7-DIHYDRO-8,8,DIMETHYL-2H,8H-BENZO-(1,2B:5,4')-DIPYRAN-2,6-DIONE Plant: DUKE1992A
6-OCTADECENOIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
7-OCTADECENOIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
ALPHA,ALPHA-BETA-TRIMETHYLBENZYL-ALCOHOL Root: DUKE1992A
ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID Fruit 1,500 - 1,624 ppm DUKE1992A
ALPHA-PINENE Fruit 24 - 1,001 ppm DUKE1992A
ALPHA-TERPINEOL Plant: DUKE1992A
ALPHA-THUJENE Fruit 36 - 231 ppm DUKE1992A
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL Leaf 16 - 147 ppm DUKE1992A
ALUMINUM Plant 4 - 210 ppm DUKE1992A
ANETHOLE Plant: DUKE1992A
ANISIC-ALDEHYDE Plant: DUKE1992A
APIOLE Root: DUKE1992A
ARGINASE Plant: DUKE1992A
ARGININE Fruit 12,630 - 13,678 ppm DUKE1992A
ARSENIC Plant 0.01 - 0.06 ppm DUKE1992A
ASCORBIC-ACID Plant 1,440 ppm; DUKE1992A
ASH Fruit 64,000 - 84,000 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 26,000 - 205,880 ppm DUKE1992A
BENZYL-ETHER Plant: DUKE1992A
BERGAPTEN Fruit: DUKE1992A
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE Plant: DUKE1992A
BETA-ELEMENE Fruit 12 - 77 ppm DUKE1992A
BETA-MYRCENE Plant: DUKE1992A
BETA-PHELLANDRENE Fruit 168 - 1,925 ppm DUKE1992A Root 168 - 1,925 ppm DUKE1992A
BETA-PINENE Plant: DUKE1992A
BETA-SITOSTEROL Plant: DUKE1992A
BETA-SITOSTEROL-GLUCOSIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
BETA-SITOSTEROL-GLYCOSIDE Fruit: DUKE1992A
BETA-TERPINEOL Fruit: DUKE1992A Plant: DUKE1992A
BORON Plant 4 - 35 ppm DUKE1992A Seed 28 - 50 ppm DUKE1992A
BROMINE Plant 1 - 6 ppm DUKE1992A
BUTYL-PHTHALIDE Root: DUKE1992A
CADMIUM Plant 0.02 - 1 ppm DUKE1992A
CAFFEIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
CALCIUM Fruit 14,003 - 17,671 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 1,900 - 21,453 ppm DUKE1992A
CAMPHENE Plant: DUKE1992A
CAMPHOR Root: DUKE1992A
CARBOHYDRATES Fruit 551,700 - 597,491 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 558,200 - 602,000 ppm DUKE1992A
CAROTENOIDS Leaf 465 ppm; DUKE1992A
CARVACROL Plant: DUKE1992A
CARVONE Plant: DUKE1992A
CARVOTANACETONE Fruit: DUKE1992A
CHLOROGENIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
CHROMIUM Plant 0.01 - 0.29 ppm DUKE1992A
CINEOLE Plant: DUKE1992A
CIS-CARVEOL Fruit: DUKE1992A
CIS-DIHYDROCARVONE Fruit 36 - 12,782 ppm DUKE1992A
COBALT Plant 0.002 - 0.29 ppm DUKE1992A
COPPER Fruit 8 ppm; DUKE1992A Plant 1.7 - 17 ppm DUKE1992A
D-(+)-CARVONE Fruit 5,196 - 37,653 ppm DUKE1992A
D-(+)-DIHYDROCARVONE Fruit 168 - 1,925 ppm DUKE1992A
D-(+)-LIMONENE Fruit 3,972 - 31,416 ppm DUKE1992A
D-ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE Fruit 516 - 7,469 ppm DUKE1992A
DECANAL Fruit 24 - 154 ppm DUKE1992A
DELTA-5,6-OCTADECENOIC-ACID Plant: DUKE1992A
DIHYDROCARVEOL Plant: DUKE1992A
DILLANOSIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
DILLAPIOLE Fruit 1,440 - 40,425 ppm DUKE1992A
DIPENTENE Plant: DUKE1992A
EICOSANE Root: DUKE1992A
ELEMICIN Plant: DUKE1992A
EO Fruit 12,000 - 77,000 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 5,600 - 15,000 ppm DUKE1992A Root 300 - 500 ppm DUKE1992A
ESCULETIN Fruit: DUKE1992A
EUGENOL Plant: DUKE1992A
FAT Fruit 68,000 - 180,200 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 43,000 - 47,000 ppm DUKE1992A
FERULIC-ACID Fruit: DUKE1992A
FIBER Fruit 177,230 - 264,869 ppm DUKE1992A Leaf 119,300 - 128,000 ppm DUKE1992A
FLAVONE Plant: DUKE1992A
FLUORINE Plant 0.1 - 5.3 ppm DUKE1992A
FURFURAL Plant: DUKE1992A
GAMMA-PINENE Plant: DUKE1992A
GAMMA-SITOSTEROL Fruit: DUKE1992A
GAMMA-TERPINENE Fruit 12 - 77 ppm DUKE1992A
GERANIOL Fruit 24 - 154 ppm DUKE1992A
HEXADECANE Root: DUKE1992A
HISTIDINE Fruit 3,200 - 3,466 ppm DUKE1992A
IRON Fruit 114 - 230 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 23 - 755 ppm DUKE1992A

ISOEUGENOL Plant: DUKE1992A
ISOLEUCINE Fruit 7,670 - 8,307 ppm DUKE1992A
ISORHAMNETIN Plant: DUKE1992A
ISORHAMNETIN-3-GLUCURONIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
KAEMPFEROL Fruit: DUKE1992A
KAEMPFEROL-3-GLUCURONIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
LAURIC-ACID Fruit 100 - 108 ppm DUKE1992A
LEAD Plant 0.05 - 0.8 ppm DUKE1992A
LEUCINE Fruit 9,250 - 10,018 ppm DUKE1992A
LIMONENE Plant: DUKE1992A
LINALOL Plant: DUKE1992A
LINOLEIC-ACID Fruit 9,600 - 10,397 ppm DUKE1992A
LUTEOLIN-7-GLUCOSIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
LYSINE Fruit 10,380 - 11,242 ppm DUKE1992A
MAGNESIUM Fruit 2,449 - 2,893 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 560 - 6,470 ppm DUKE1992A
MANGANESE Fruit 18 ppm; DUKE1992A Plant 8 - 435 ppm DUKE1992A
MERCURY Plant 0.003 - 0.06 ppm DUKE1992A
METHIONINE Fruit 1,430 - 1,549 ppm DUKE1992A
METHYL-BENZOATE Plant: DUKE1992A
METHYL-CHAVICOL Fruit: DUKE1992A
MOLYBDENUM Plant: DUKE1992A
MYRCENE Fruit 84 - 924 ppm DUKE1992A
MYRISTIC-ACID Fruit 100 - 108 ppm DUKE1992A
MYRISTICIN Fruit: DUKE1992A Root: DUKE1992A
NEOCNIDOLIDE Root: DUKE1992A
NIACIN Fruit 28 - 30 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 28 - 30 ppm DUKE1992A
NICKEL Plant 0.1 - 4.7 ppm DUKE1992A
NITROGEN Plant 6,800 - 55,300 ppm DUKE1992A
NONADECANE Root: DUKE1992A
NONANAL Fruit: DUKE1992A
OCTANOL Root: DUKE1992A
OLEIC-ACID Fruit 93,600 - 101,369 ppm DUKE1992A
P-CYMENE Fruit 336 - 3,773 ppm DUKE1992A
PALMITIC-ACID Fruit 5,800 - 6,281 ppm DUKE1992A
PALMITOLEIC-ACID Fruit 500 - 542 ppm DUKE1992A
PARAFFIN Plant: DUKE1992A
PENTADECANE Root: DUKE1992A
PETROSELINIC-ACID-TRIGYLCERIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
PHENYLALANINE Fruit 6,700 - 7,256 ppm DUKE1992A
PHOSPHORUS Fruit 2,102 - 3,723 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 600 - 7,625 ppm DUKE1992A
POTASSIUM Fruit 10,680 - 14,122 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 8,700 - 76,450 ppm DUKE1992A
PROTEIN Fruit 147,680 - 226,000 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 199,600 - 216,000 ppm DUKE1992A
QUERCETIN Plant: DUKE1992A
QUERCETIN-3-0-RUTINOSIDE Plant: DUKE1992A
QUERCETIN-3-GLUCURONIDE Leaf: DUKE1992A
QUERCITRIN Plant: DUKE1992A
RIBOFLAVIN Fruit 3 ppm; DUKE1992A Plant 3 ppm; DUKE1992A
RUBIDIUM Plant 1.1 - 28 ppm DUKE1992A
SABINENE Plant: DUKE1992A
SAFROLE Plant: DUKE1992A
SALICALDEHYDE Plant: DUKE1992A
SCOPOLETIN Fruit: DUKE1992A
SELENIUM Plant 0.001 - 0.012 ppm DUKE1992A
SENKYUNOLIDE Root: DUKE1992A
SILICON Plant 30 - 700 ppm DUKE1992A
SODIUM Fruit 158 - 262 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 1,097 - 3,308 ppm DUKE1992A
STEARIC-ACID Fruit 1,000 - 1,083 ppm DUKE1992A
STIGMASTEROL Plant: DUKE1992A
SULFUR Plant 1,400 - 11,175 ppm DUKE1992A
TANNINS Plant: DUKE1992A
TERPINEN-4-OL Fruit 12 - 77 ppm DUKE1992A
TETRADECANE Root: DUKE1992A
TETRAHYDROCOUMARANE Plant: DUKE1992A
THIAMIN Fruit 4 - 5 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 4 - 5 ppm DUKE1992A
THREONINE Fruit 5,750 - 6,227 ppm DUKE1992A
TRANS-ANETHOLE Fruit 12 - 539 ppm DUKE1992A
TRANS-CARVEOL Fruit 42 - 270 ppm DUKE1992A
TRANS-DIHYDROCARVONE Fruit 24 - 154 ppm DUKE1992A
TRIDECENE Root: DUKE1992A
UMBELLIFERONE Fruit: DUKE1992A
UMBELLIPRENIN Fruit: DUKE1992A
UREASE Plant: DUKE1992A
VALINE Fruit 11,200 - 12,130 ppm DUKE1992A
VICENIN Fruit: DUKE1992A
WATER Fruit 70,310 - 83,690 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 73,000 - 830,000 ppm DUKE1992A
XANTHOPHYLL Fruit: DUKE1992A
Z-LIGUSTILIDE Root: DUKE1992A
ZINC Fruit 43 - 66 ppm DUKE1992A Plant 11 - 150 ppm DUKE1992A

Seed and Pericarp
Mass of 1,000, g: 2.2 [1]
Oil, % dry wt: 9.9 (1), 6.8 (2) [1]
FAs: 18:1 (6)–45.0 [2][LEOVP]

In dill weed (Anethum graveolens L.) the content on essential oil rises from 0.1% only in young sprouts to more than 1% in herb with milk ripe umbels (Gora et al., 2002). In the herb, oil a-phellandrene prevails until the beginning of f owering with up to 50%, followed by dill ether, p-cymene, and limonene. The oil from green as well as ripe umbels contains, on the other hand, mainly (S)-carvone and (R)-limonene. The f avor of dill oil changes therefore dramatically, which has to be considered when determining the harvest time for distillation.[CRC HEO]

Common Dill – Anethum graveolens [218]

Part:

Leaves

Per 100 g fresh weight

Food Energy (Kcal)	253	Ash (g)	12.6	Potassium (mg)	3308
Water (g)	7.2%	Thiamine (mg)	0.42	Magnesium (mg)	451
Protein (g)	20	Riboflavin (mg)	0.28	Calcium (mg)	1784
Fat (g)	4.4	Niacin (mg)	2.8	Phosphorus (mg)	543
Carbohydrate (g)	55.8	Vitamin C (mg)	-	Sodium (mg)	208
Crude Fiber (g)	11.9	Vitamin A (RE)	-	Iron (mg)	48.8
Zinc (mg)	3.3	Manganese (mg)	451	Copper (mg)	-

Part:

Seeds

Per 100 g fresh weight

Food Energy (Kcal)	305	Ash (g)	6.7	Potassium (mg)	1,186
Water (g)	7.7	Thiamine (mg)	0.42	Magnesium (mg)	256
Protein (g)	-	Riboflavin (mg)	0.28	Calcium (mg)	1,516
Fat (g)	14.5	Niacin (mg)	-	Phosphorus (mg)	277
Carbohydrate (g)	55.2	Vitamin C (mg)	-	Sodium (mg)	20
Crude Fiber (g)	21	Vitamin A (IU)	53	Iron (mg)	16.3
Zinc (mg)	5.2	Manganese (mg)	-	Copper (mg)	-

Herb
Volatile oil (0.5 to 1.5%): chief constituents are carvone, dill apiole, (+) limonene ^[PDR]
Phthalides ^[PDR]

Seed
Volatile oil (2.5 to 4.0%): chief constituents are carvone (approximately 50%), dill apiole, (+) — limonene ^[PDR]
Phtalides ^[PDR]
Fatty oil ^[PDR]
Furanocoumarins: including bergaptene ^[PDR]
Hydroxycoumarins: including umbelliferone ^[PDR]

"Activities (Dill) — Antibacterial (2; APA; KOM; PH2; TRA; ZUL); Antiseptic (1; ZUL); Antispasmodic (2; APA; KOM; PH2; TRA); Antitumor (1; TRA); Aperitif (f; APA); Cardiodepressant (1; APA); Carminative (1; JFM; PNC; ZUL); Detergent (f; CRC); Digestive (f; CRC); Diuretic (1; APA; CRC; JFM); Fungicide (1; TRA); Hypoglycemic (1; TRA); Hypotensive (1; APA; FNF; TRA); Insectifuge (1; ZUL); Lactagogue (1; APA; CRC; JFM; TRA); Laxative (f; CRC); Myorelaxant (1; APA); Narcotic (f; CRC); Psychedelic (f; CRC); Respirastimulant (f; APA); Sedative (1; TRA); Soporific (f; JFM); Stimulant (f; CRC); Stomachic (1; PNC; ZUL); Vasodilator (1; TRA)" ^{[HMH Duke]}

Cultivation & Propagation

"Days to Germination: 21 to 25 days at 600F to 70 0F (160C to 21 0C) When to Plant: Direct-seeding, as early in spring as the ground can be worked, works best with dill, and you can plant it either in spring or fall."^{[NSSH Bubel]}

"How to Plant: Sow the seeds one every inch or so. Thin the feathery seedlings to 4 to 6 inches apart for use as greens and 10 to 12 inches apart for seed production. I like to make one or two extra plantings during the season for a continuous supply of the tender thready leaves that are so good snipped on potatoes or fish. Dill seeds need light to germinate, so they shouldn’t be covered with more than a light dusting of garden sometimes beat those we’ve hand-sown."^{[NSSH Bubel]}

"Growing Conditions: Dill grows well under a wide variety of conditions, as long as it is reasonably free of weeds."^{[NSSH Bubel]}

Synonyms
Peucedanum graveolens.

References

[E-flora] http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Anethum%20graveolens, Accessed April 24, 2015
[DukePhyt] http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/farmacy2.pl, Accessed Dec 24, 2014
[LEOVP]A.I. Glushenkova (ed.), Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7, # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
[PFAF] http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Anethum+graveolens, Accessed Dec 24, 2014
Illustration_Anethum_graveolens0.jpg: Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thoméderivative work: Aroche, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Tepeyac, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Bff, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Anethum Sp.

1 sp. (Latin: dill) ^[Jepson]

Local Species;

Anethum graveolens - Common Dill ^[E-flora]

References

[Jepson] Lincoln Constance & Margriet Wetherwax, 2013. Anethum, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=13393, accessed on Dec 24 2014

Page last modified on 11:32 AM September 5, 2024